diff --git a/backend/app/data/catalog_profile.py b/backend/app/data/catalog_profile.py
index cc788d28..820bc6d4 100644
--- a/backend/app/data/catalog_profile.py
+++ b/backend/app/data/catalog_profile.py
@@ -930,7 +930,8 @@ async def _check_dates(cx: _Context, table: str, columns: list[str], total: int,
 
 def _relation_finding(o: _RelationOutcome, rel: dict[str, Any], *, status: str, confirmed: bool) -> dict[str, Any]:
     """一条关系的核实结论。previous_status 是剖析之前目录里这条关系的状态：报告按它说「升为已验证」还是「仍为已验证」
-    （重新剖析、目录没变时不能说升了）。"""
+    （重新剖析、目录没变时不能说升了）；cardinality_checked：基数是不是用数据核实的（子表一侧数过是否唯一），
+    报告据此写「已用数据核实」，不从说明的原话里认。"""
     previous = rel.get("status")
     if confirmed:
         summary = "已人工确认，只补充覆盖率和基数"
@@ -943,8 +944,8 @@ def _relation_finding(o: _RelationOutcome, rel: dict[str, Any], *, status: str,
     return {"kind": "relation", "path": f"relations.{o.rid}", "target": o.target,
             "columns": list(rel.get("columns") or []), "to_table": rel.get("to_table"),
             "to_columns": list(rel.get("to_columns") or []), "status": status, "confirmed": confirmed,
-            "previous_status": previous, "coverage": o.coverage, "cardinality": o.cardinality, "sample": o.sample,
-            "matched": o.matched, "summary": summary}
+            "previous_status": previous, "coverage": o.coverage, "cardinality": o.cardinality,
+            "cardinality_checked": o.cardinality_checked, "sample": o.sample, "matched": o.matched, "summary": summary}
 
 
 def _codes_value(c: _CodesOutcome, item: dict[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, str]:
@@ -959,11 +960,13 @@ def _codes_value(c: _CodesOutcome, item: dict[str, Any] | None) -> dict[str, str
 
 
 def _codes_finding(c: _CodesOutcome, value: dict[str, str]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """码值候选的结论。pending：写进目录的码值里还有几个含义空着（别的来源写过的含义会沿用），报告按它说
+    「N 个含义待填写」，不从 summary 的原话里认。"""
     pending = sum(1 for v in value.values() if not v.strip())
     summary = f"{len(c.values)} 个取值" + (f"，{pending} 个含义待填写" if pending else "")
     return {"kind": "codes", "path": f"columns.{c.column}.codes", "column": c.column,
             "values": [{"value": k, "rows": n} for k, n in c.values], "rows": c.rows, "status": "proposed",
-            "summary": summary}
+            "pending": pending, "summary": summary}
 
 
 def _patch_confirmed(rel: dict[str, Any], o: _RelationOutcome, at: str) -> bool:
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_catalog_profile.py b/backend/tests/test_catalog_profile.py
index 26a877f9..f9e0c599 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_catalog_profile.py
+++ b/backend/tests/test_catalog_profile.py
@@ -231,6 +231,11 @@ async def test_profile_verifies_name_relations_and_proposes_codes_and_business_d
     gate = next(f for f in visits["findings"] if f["kind"] == "relation" and f["columns"] == ["gate_id"])
     assert gate["status"] == "verified" and gate["path"] == f"relations.{_relation(notes, 'gate_id')['id']}"
     assert gate["sample"] == 8 and gate["matched"] == 8 and gate["summary"]
+    # 结构化的字段：基数用数据核实过没有、码值还有几个含义待填写（界面读这些，不从原话里认）
+    assert isinstance(gate["cardinality_checked"], bool)
+    codes = next(f for f in visits["findings"] if f["kind"] == "codes")
+    blank = sum(1 for v in notes["columns"][codes["column"]]["codes"]["value"].values() if not v.strip())
+    assert codes["pending"] == blank and (f"{blank} 个含义待填写" in codes["summary"]) == (blank > 0)
     assert visits["row_estimate"] == {"rows": 1500, "method": "count", "at_least": None}
     assert visits["added"] == 2 and visits["updated"] == 2 and visits["error"] is None
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/terms.ts b/frontend/src/lib/terms.ts
index 7b55b372..37388a16 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/terms.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/terms.ts
@@ -2541,6 +2541,12 @@ export const CATALOG_UI_TEXT = {
   publishSqlErrorBlocked: 'SQL 检查发现的错误级问题：受管级别会拦下发布，请先修改 SQL',
   publishSqlWarning: 'SQL 检查的提醒：两个发布级别都只提醒、不拦发布',
   publishSqlErrors: (n: number) => `，其中 ${formatNumber(n)} 处是 SQL 检查发现的错误级问题（受管级别会拦下）`,
+  // ---- 剖析的结构化读数：基数用数据核实过没有、挑表时跳过的空表
+  cardinalityChecked: '已用数据核实',
+  cardinalityByStructure: '子表一侧未核实，按表结构推断',
+  cardinalityCheckedShort: '已核实',
+  cardinalityCheckedHint: '基数由数据剖析用数据核实（子表一侧确有重复或确实唯一），一对多关联后重复计算的检查据此报错误',
+  emptyTables: (n: number) => `挑表时跳过 ${formatNumber(n)} 张空表`,
 }
 
 // ===========================================================================
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/catalog/CodesDialog.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/catalog/CodesDialog.tsx
index 726ca239..e3d8a312 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/catalog/CodesDialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/catalog/CodesDialog.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useState } from 'react'
 import type { CatalogItem } from '../../types'
 import { isComposing, Modal, Spinner } from '../../components/ui'
+import { formatDateTime, formatTime } from '../../lib/format'
 import { CODES_TEXT as KT } from '../../lib/terms'
 import { StatusChip } from './parts'
 import { codesComplete } from './model'
@@ -45,8 +46,12 @@ export function CodesDialog({ column, item, saving, onSave, onClose }: {
           <StatusChip status={item.status} source={item.source} />
         </div>
         {item.note && (
-          <div className="rounded border bg-bg px-2 py-1.5 text-2xs leading-relaxed text-dim">
+          <div className="rounded border bg-bg px-2 py-1.5 text-2xs leading-relaxed text-dim" data-codes-note="">
             <span className="text-faint">{KT.note}：</span>{item.note}
+            {/* 说明里不带日期，时间看这一项的 updated_at（按本地时间显示） */}
+            {item.updated_at && (
+              <span className="tnum ml-1 text-faint" title={formatDateTime(item.updated_at)} data-codes-note-at="">（{formatTime(item.updated_at)}）</span>
+            )}
           </div>
         )}
         <div className="overflow-hidden rounded-lg border">
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/catalog/ProfileDialog.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/catalog/ProfileDialog.tsx
index 1c64d1e3..028f2d65 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/catalog/ProfileDialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/catalog/ProfileDialog.tsx
@@ -287,6 +287,12 @@ function Report({ report: r, ms, filled, returnTo, onSettings, onOpenTable, onFi
         </Notice>
       )}
       {r.note && <Notice tone="info" attr={{ 'data-profile-note': '' }}>{r.note}</Notice>}
+      {/* 挑表途中确知是空表、跳过的表（服务端 empty_tables）：一张都没剖析时 note 已经说了，这里只在剖析了别的表时列出 */}
+      {r.tables.length > 0 && (r.empty_tables?.length ?? 0) > 0 && (
+        <p className="text-2xs leading-relaxed text-faint" data-profile-empty-tables={r.empty_tables!.length}>
+          {UT.emptyTables(r.empty_tables!.length)}：<span className="mono">{r.empty_tables!.join('、')}</span>
+        </p>
+      )}
       {shown.map((t) => <TableReport key={t.table_name} t={t} filled={filled} onOpenTable={onOpenTable} onFillCodes={onFillCodes} />)}
       {quiet.length > 0 && (
         <p className="text-2xs leading-relaxed text-faint" data-profile-quiet={quiet.length}>
@@ -418,7 +424,13 @@ function RelationLine({ f }: { f: CatalogProfileRelationFinding }) {
       <div className="tnum mt-0.5 text-2xs text-dim">
         <span data-profile-coverage="">{PT.coverage(coverageText(f.coverage))}</span>
         {' · '}
-        <span data-profile-cardinality="">{f.cardinality ? CATALOG_CARDINALITY_LABEL[f.cardinality] : PT.cardinalityUnknown}</span>
+        <span data-profile-cardinality="" data-checked={f.cardinality ? String(!!f.cardinality_checked) : undefined}>
+          {f.cardinality ? CATALOG_CARDINALITY_LABEL[f.cardinality] : PT.cardinalityUnknown}
+          {/* 基数用数据核实过没有：读服务端的 cardinality_checked，不从说明的原话里认 */}
+          {f.cardinality && f.cardinality_checked !== undefined && (
+            <span className="text-faint">（{f.cardinality_checked ? UT.cardinalityChecked : UT.cardinalityByStructure}）</span>
+          )}
+        </span>
         {' · '}
         {PT.sampled(f.sample, f.matched)}
       </div>
@@ -440,9 +452,8 @@ function CodesLine({ f, fillKey: key, filled, onFill }: {
   filled: number | undefined
   onFill: () => void
 }) {
-  // 服务端在 summary 里写了几个含义待填写（别的来源写过的含义会沿用）；认不出时按都待填写
-  const reported = Number(f.summary.match(/(\d+)\s*个含义待填写/)?.[1] ?? (f.summary.includes('待填写') ? f.values.length : 0))
-  const pending = filled ?? reported
+  // 几个含义待填写读服务端的 pending（别的来源写过的含义会沿用），不从 summary 的原话里认；老服务端不给时不说
+  const pending = filled ?? f.pending ?? 0
   const done = filled != null && filled === 0
   return (
     <li className="text-xs" data-profile-finding="codes" data-column={f.column}>
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/catalog/TableDetail.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/catalog/TableDetail.tsx
index 3b67a5be..7ab52d7c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/catalog/TableDetail.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/catalog/TableDetail.tsx
@@ -757,7 +757,13 @@ function RelationList({ relations, busy, targetOf, onOpen, onReview }: {
                 </td>
                 <td className={cell}>
                   {label(CT.relationHead.cardinality)}
-                  {r.cardinality ? CATALOG_CARDINALITY_LABEL[r.cardinality] : <span className="text-faint">{CT.cardinalityNone}</span>}
+                  <span data-relation-cardinality={r.cardinality ?? ''} data-checked={r.cardinality_checked ? 'true' : undefined}>
+                    {r.cardinality ? CATALOG_CARDINALITY_LABEL[r.cardinality] : <span className="text-faint">{CT.cardinalityNone}</span>}
+                    {/* 数据剖析用数据核实过的基数（cardinality_checked）：一对多关联的检查据此给「错误」，其余的最多「提醒」 */}
+                    {r.cardinality && r.cardinality_checked && (
+                      <span className="ml-1 text-2xs text-faint" title={UT.cardinalityCheckedHint}>{UT.cardinalityCheckedShort}</span>
+                    )}
+                  </span>
                 </td>
                 <td className={clsx('tnum', cell, typeof r.coverage !== 'number' && '@max-[40rem]:hidden')}>
                   {label(CT.relationHead.coverage)}
diff --git a/frontend/src/types.ts b/frontend/src/types.ts
index 9e655426..dc8a1c4c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/types.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/types.ts
@@ -2901,6 +2901,8 @@ export interface CatalogProfileRelationFinding {
   previous_status?: CatalogStatus | null
   coverage: number
   cardinality: CatalogCardinality | null
+  /** 基数是不是用数据核实的（子表一侧数过是否唯一）。老服务端不给 */
+  cardinality_checked?: boolean
   /** 抽了几个不同的键值、在被指向表里对上几个 */
   sample: number
   matched: number
@@ -2915,6 +2917,8 @@ export interface CatalogProfileCodesFinding {
   values: { value: string; rows: number }[]
   rows: number
   status: CatalogStatus
+  /** 写进目录的码值里还有几个含义空着（别的来源写过的含义会沿用）。老服务端不给 */
+  pending?: number
   summary: string
 }
 
diff --git a/scripts/check-catalog.mjs b/scripts/check-catalog.mjs
index dc647529..c09d4b4d 100644
--- a/scripts/check-catalog.mjs
+++ b/scripts/check-catalog.mjs
@@ -1346,13 +1346,13 @@ function profileReply(state, { ms = 0, extraCodes = false } = {}) {
     const before = (id) => visits.notes.relations.find((r) => r.id === id)?.status ?? null
     const previous = { gate: before(GATE_REL), member: before(MEMBER_REL) }
     notes.relations = notes.relations.map((r) => (r.id === GATE_REL ? {
-      ...r, source: 'profile', status: 'verified', coverage: 0.987, cardinality: 'many_to_one', updated_at: at,
-      note: `数据剖析（${PROFILE_DAY}）：子表抽样 300 个不同键值，父表对上 296 个，覆盖率 98.7%；被指向列是主键；子表一侧有重复值，多对一。`,
+      ...r, source: 'profile', status: 'verified', coverage: 0.987, cardinality: 'many_to_one', cardinality_checked: true, updated_at: at,
+      note: '数据剖析：子表抽样 300 个不同键值，父表对上 296 个，覆盖率 98.7%；被指向列是主键；子表一侧有重复值，多对一。',
     } : r))
     notes.relations.push(rel(['member_id'], 'members', ['id'], 'profile', { coverage: 0.62, updated_at: at,
-      note: `数据剖析（${PROFILE_DAY}）：抽样覆盖率 62%，可能不是这条关系；子表抽样 200 个不同键值，父表对上 124 个；被指向列是主键。` }))
-    notes.columns.status.codes = item({ 1: '已入园', 9: '已作废', 2: '' }, 'profile', 'proposed')
-    notes.columns.status.codes.note = `数据剖析（${PROFILE_DAY}）：统计全表，182000 行非空值共 3 个取值：1（94%）、9（5%）、2（1%）。`
+      note: '数据剖析：抽样覆盖率 62%，可能不是这条关系；子表抽样 200 个不同键值，父表对上 124 个；被指向列是主键。' }))
+    notes.columns.status.codes = { ...item({ 1: '已入园', 9: '已作废', 2: '' }, 'profile', 'proposed'), updated_at: at }
+    notes.columns.status.codes.note = '数据剖析：统计全表，182000 行非空值共 3 个取值：1（94%）、9（5%）、2（1%）。'
     // 统计的是全表：服务端给码值候选标「已列全」
     notes.columns.status.codes.complete = true
     // extraCodes：票种列也取到码值候选（两个取值，含义都空着）——报告里有两列要填，填完一列回到报告接着填下一列
@@ -1363,16 +1363,17 @@ function profileReply(state, { ms = 0, extraCodes = false } = {}) {
         table_name: 'visits', queries: 38, row_estimate: { rows: 182000, method: 'stats', at_least: null },
         findings: [
           { kind: 'relation', path: `relations.${GATE_REL}`, target: 'gate_id → gates.id', columns: ['gate_id'], to_table: 'gates', to_columns: ['id'],
-            status: 'verified', confirmed: false, previous_status: previous.gate, coverage: 0.987, cardinality: 'many_to_one', sample: 300, matched: 296,
+            status: 'verified', confirmed: false, previous_status: previous.gate, coverage: 0.987, cardinality: 'many_to_one', cardinality_checked: true,
+            sample: 300, matched: 296,
             summary: previous.gate === 'verified' ? '覆盖率 98.7%，仍为有确证' : '覆盖率 98.7%，升为有确证' },
           { kind: 'relation', path: `relations.${MEMBER_REL}`, target: 'member_id → members.id', columns: ['member_id'], to_table: 'members',
             to_columns: ['id'], status: 'proposed', confirmed: false, previous_status: previous.member, coverage: 0.62, cardinality: 'many_to_one',
-            sample: 200, matched: 124,
+            cardinality_checked: false, sample: 200, matched: 124,
             summary: '抽样覆盖率 62%，保持推断' },
           { kind: 'codes', path: 'columns.status.codes', column: 'status', values: [{ value: '1', rows: 171080 }, { value: '9', rows: 9100 },
-            { value: '2', rows: 1820 }], rows: 182000, status: 'proposed', summary: '3 个取值，1 个含义待填写' },
+            { value: '2', rows: 1820 }], rows: 182000, status: 'proposed', pending: 1, summary: '3 个取值' },
           ...(extraCodes ? [{ kind: 'codes', path: 'columns.ticket_type_id.codes', column: 'ticket_type_id', values: [{ value: '11', rows: 120000 },
-            { value: '12', rows: 62000 }], rows: 182000, status: 'proposed', summary: '2 个取值，2 个含义待填写' }] : []),
+            { value: '12', rows: 62000 }], rows: 182000, status: 'proposed', pending: 2, summary: '2 个取值' }] : []),
         ],
         skipped: [
           { kind: 'codes', target: 'member_level', path: 'columns.member_level.codes', reason: 'masked', detail: 'visits.member_level 在数据源设置中被遮罩，不取值' },
@@ -1395,6 +1396,7 @@ function profileReply(state, { ms = 0, extraCodes = false } = {}) {
     return json({
       profiled_at: at, actor: ACTOR, settings: { ...PROFILE_ON, sample_size: 2000, max_scan_rows: 100000, max_total_s: 120 },
       queries_used: 60, stopped: 'budget', tables, total: { added: 1, updated: 2, removed: 0 }, note: null,
+      empty_tables: ['ext_log_001', 'ext_log_002'],
     })(route)
   }
 }
@@ -1588,7 +1590,7 @@ await section('数据目录 · 数据剖析', async () => {
   const visitsCard = report.locator('[data-profile-table="visits"]')
   const gate = visitsCard.locator(`[data-profile-finding="relation"][data-path="relations.${GATE_REL}"]`)
   check('关系核实：覆盖率、基数、抽样规模，升为已验证', (await gate.locator('[data-profile-coverage]').innerText()) === '覆盖率 98.7%'
-        && (await gate.locator('[data-profile-cardinality]').innerText()) === '多对一' && (await gate.innerText()).includes('抽样 300 个键值，对上 296 个')
+        && (await gate.locator('[data-profile-cardinality]').innerText()) === '多对一（已用数据核实）' && (await gate.innerText()).includes('抽样 300 个键值，对上 296 个')
         && (await gate.locator('[data-profile-outcome]').innerText()) === '升为已验证' && (await gate.getAttribute('data-status')) === 'verified',
         (await gate.innerText()).replace(/\s+/g, ' '))
   // 结论是状态说明，不是链接：带框的小标签，文字用次要文字色（不是强调蓝），不能点
@@ -1607,6 +1609,11 @@ await section('数据目录 · 数据剖析', async () => {
   check('……结论用状态标签的样子：带框、次要文字色，不是蓝色正文、不像链接', outcomeLook.kind === 'raised' && outcomeLook.color === outcomeLook.dim
     && outcomeLook.color !== outcomeLook.accent && outcomeLook.border === 'solid' && outcomeLook.cursor !== 'pointer' && !outcomeLook.clickable,
     JSON.stringify(outcomeLook))
+  // 结构化的读数：基数核实读 cardinality_checked，几个含义待填写读 pending（假答复的 summary 里故意不写），空表读 empty_tables
+  check('……基数用数据核实过没有，读 cardinality_checked', (await gate.locator('[data-profile-cardinality]').getAttribute('data-checked')) === 'true'
+        && (await visitsCard.locator(`[data-path="relations.${MEMBER_REL}"] [data-profile-cardinality]`).innerText()) === '多对一（子表一侧未核实，按表结构推断）')
+  check('……挑表时跳过的空表读 empty_tables', (await report.locator('[data-profile-empty-tables="2"]').innerText().catch(() => ''))
+        === '挑表时跳过 2 张空表：ext_log_001、ext_log_002')
   const member = visitsCard.locator(`[data-profile-finding="relation"][data-path="relations.${MEMBER_REL}"]`)
   check('……覆盖率不够的保持推断，写明原因', (await member.locator('[data-profile-outcome]').innerText()) === '保持推断：覆盖率不足，可能不是这条关系'
         && (await member.locator('[data-profile-coverage]').innerText()) === '覆盖率 62%')
@@ -1635,6 +1642,11 @@ await section('数据目录 · 数据剖析', async () => {
         (await gateRow.innerText().catch(() => '')).replace(/\s+/g, ' '))
   await openMark(page, `relations.${GATE_REL}`)
   check('……点开来源：写明抽样规模和覆盖率的剖析说明', (await panel(page).innerText()).includes('子表抽样 300 个不同键值，父表对上 296 个'))
+  // 说明里不带日期：时间看这一项的 updated_at（按本地时间，2026-10-03 03:00 UTC 是 11:00）
+  check('……说明不带日期，时间按这一项的 updated_at 写', !/\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}/.test(await panel(page).locator('.whitespace-pre-wrap').innerText())
+        && /更新于 (2026\/)?10\/3 11:00/.test(await panel(page).innerText()), (await panel(page).innerText()).replace(/\s+/g, ' '))
+  check('……关系表上写基数已用数据核实', await page.locator(`[data-relation="${GATE_REL}"] [data-relation-cardinality][data-checked="true"]`).count() === 1
+        && (await page.locator(`[data-relation="${GATE_REL}"] [data-relation-cardinality]`).innerText()).includes('已核实'))
   await page.keyboard.press('Escape')
   const statusCodes = page.locator('[data-column="status"] [data-cell="codes"]')
   check('……码值的含义空着写「含义待填写」，给「填写含义」', (await statusCodes.locator('[data-code="2"] [data-code-pending]').innerText()) === '含义待填写'
@@ -1650,7 +1662,9 @@ await section('数据目录 · 数据剖析', async () => {
   check('码值弹窗：每个码值一个输入框，空着的写「含义待填写」，光标在它上面', await codesBox.locator('input[data-code]').count() === 3
         && (await codesBox.locator('input[data-code="2"]').getAttribute('placeholder')) === '含义待填写'
         && await until(async () => page.evaluate(() => document.activeElement?.getAttribute('data-code') === '2')))
-  check('……写明剖析说明（各取值的占比）', (await codesBox.innerText()).includes('1（94%）、9（5%）、2（1%）'))
+  check('……写明剖析说明（各取值的占比），时间按这一项的 updated_at', (await codesBox.innerText()).includes('1（94%）、9（5%）、2（1%）')
+        && /^（(2026\/)?10\/3 11:00）$/.test(await codesBox.locator('[data-codes-note-at]').innerText().catch(() => '')),
+        await codesBox.locator('[data-codes-note]').innerText().catch(() => ''))
   check('……没填时保存禁用', await page.locator('[data-codes-save]').isDisabled())
   check('……写明当前已列出全部取值（剖析统计了全表），可以取消', await codesBox.locator('[data-codes-complete]').isChecked()
         && (await codesBox.innerText()).includes('已列出全部取值') && (await statusCodes.locator('[data-codes-complete-mark]').count()) === 1)