数据目录 F2b：剖析的 409、剖析设置的 422 带机读码，界面不再从原话里认是哪一种——服务端用 api/coded.CodedHTTPException：剖析开始不了的五种情况带 code（profile_disabled、datasource_inactive、schema_missing、profile_busy、snapshot_tampered），保存数据源时剖析设置不合规带 code=profile_settings_invalid 和出错的那一项 field（max_queries……），给人看的那句不变；CodedHTTPException 多一个可选的 field；前端 profileBlockOf、profileFieldOfRejection 只认 code 和 field，没带机读码的旧响应按通用提示处理；补后端测试和检查脚本的断言（伪造的 409、422 都带 code）

backend/app/api/catalog.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Header, HTTPException
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
+from app.api.coded import PROFILE_BUSY, SCHEMA_MISSING, SNAPSHOT_TAMPERED, CodedHTTPException
 from app.api.runs import actor_of
 from app.data import catalog, catalog_impact, catalog_profile, introspect, table_versions
 from app.data.engine import SnapshotTampered
@@ -275,21 +276,25 @@ async def profile_catalog_tables(source_id: str, payload: CatalogProfileIn,
     默认关闭：数据源设置里没开启数据剖析、数据源停用，409；同一个数据源已经在剖析，409。
     """
     row, source = await _resolved(session, source_id)
+    # 409 都带机读码（api/coded.py），界面按它分五种情况给下一步，不从原话里认
     try:
         catalog_profile.ensure_enabled(row)
     except catalog_profile.ProfileDisabled as e:
-        raise HTTPException(409, str(e)) from e
+        raise CodedHTTPException(409, str(e), e.code) from e
     cache = source.schema_cache or {}
     if not cache.get("tables"):
-        raise HTTPException(409, f"{introspect.why_empty(cache)}，无法进行数据剖析。请先在数据源卡片上点「探查结构」")
+        raise CodedHTTPException(409, f"{introspect.why_empty(cache)}，无法进行数据剖析。请先在数据源卡片上点「探查结构」",
+                                 SCHEMA_MISSING)
     actor = actor_of(x_actor)
     try:
         report = await catalog_profile.profile_catalog(session, row, source, tables=payload.tables or None,
                                                        actor=actor)
-    except (catalog_profile.ProfileDisabled, catalog_profile.ProfileBusy) as e:
-        raise HTTPException(409, str(e)) from e
+    except catalog_profile.ProfileDisabled as e:
+        raise CodedHTTPException(409, str(e), e.code) from e
+    except catalog_profile.ProfileBusy as e:
+        raise CodedHTTPException(409, str(e), PROFILE_BUSY) from e
     except SnapshotTampered as e:
-        raise HTTPException(409, str(e)) from e
+        raise CodedHTTPException(409, str(e), SNAPSHOT_TAMPERED) from e
     rows = [_profile_table_out(t) for t in report.tables]
     note = None
     if not rows and report.empty_tables:

backend/app/api/coded.py

@@ -11,17 +11,28 @@ from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
 #: 限定的数据源一个都不在了（删了或停用了），见 copilot._sources
 DATASOURCE_SCOPE_EMPTY = "datasource_scope_empty"
 
+#: 保存数据源时剖析设置不合规（422）：field 是出错的那一项（max_queries……），说不清是哪一项时没有 field
+PROFILE_SETTINGS_INVALID = "profile_settings_invalid"
+#: 剖析开始不了（409）的五种情况，见 api/catalog.profile_catalog_tables
+PROFILE_DISABLED = "profile_disabled"
+DATASOURCE_INACTIVE = "datasource_inactive"
+SCHEMA_MISSING = "schema_missing"
+PROFILE_BUSY = "profile_busy"
+SNAPSHOT_TAMPERED = "snapshot_tampered"
+
 
 class CodedHTTPException(HTTPException):
-    def __init__(self, status_code: int, detail: str, code: str) -> None:
+    """field：出错的是哪一项（表单据此把报错落到那一格）。可选，没有就不出现在返回里。"""
+
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, detail: str, code: str, *, field: str | None = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(status_code, detail)
         self.code = code
+        self.field = field
 
 
 async def coded_handler(_: Request, exc: Exception) -> JSONResponse:
     assert isinstance(exc, CodedHTTPException)
-    return JSONResponse(
-        status_code=exc.status_code,
-        content={"detail": exc.detail, "code": exc.code},
-        headers=exc.headers,
-    )
+    content: dict[str, str] = {"detail": exc.detail, "code": exc.code}
+    if exc.field:
+        content["field"] = exc.field
+    return JSONResponse(status_code=exc.status_code, content=content, headers=exc.headers)

backend/app/api/datasources.py

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from app.api import health
-from app.api.coded import CodedHTTPException
+from app.api.coded import PROFILE_SETTINGS_INVALID, CodedHTTPException
 from app.api.runs import actor_of
 from app.core.errors import AUTH, NETWORK, TIMEOUT, classify, explain, raw
 from app.core.config import settings
 from app.core.crypto import encrypt, mask
 from app.data import catalog as data_catalog
-from app.data.catalog_profile import profile_settings_problem
+from app.data.catalog_profile import profile_settings_rejection
 from app.data import introspect as introspect_mod
 from app.data import table_versions
 from app.data.engine import (
@@ -337,10 +337,13 @@ _MASK_FIELD = {
 
 
 def _refuse_bad_options(options: dict[str, Any] | None) -> None:
-    problem = (query_timeout_problem(options) or mask_columns_problem(options)
-               or profile_settings_problem(options))
+    problem = query_timeout_problem(options) or mask_columns_problem(options)
     if problem:
         raise HTTPException(422, problem)
+    # 剖析设置：带机读码和出错的那一项（field），表单按它把报错落到那一格，不再从原话里认
+    if rejected := profile_settings_rejection(options):
+        message, field = rejected
+        raise CodedHTTPException(422, message, PROFILE_SETTINGS_INVALID, field=field)
 
 
 @router.get("/kinds")

backend/app/data/catalog_profile.py

@@ -115,19 +115,26 @@ def profile_settings(options: dict[str, Any] | None) -> ProfileSettings:
 
 def profile_settings_problem(options: dict[str, Any] | None) -> str | None:
     """保存数据源时查一下剖析设置；没填、或者填对了返回 None。写的时候严格：不认识的项、超出范围的值都拒。"""
+    found = profile_settings_rejection(options)
+    return found[0] if found else None
+
+
+def profile_settings_rejection(options: dict[str, Any] | None) -> tuple[str, str | None] | None:
+    """同 profile_settings_problem，另给出错的是哪一项：(给人看的一句, 字段名)。字段名是 enabled 或 _NUMBER_FIELDS
+    的键（max_queries……），格式不对、有认不出的项时为 None。接口带着它回 422，表单不必从原话里认是哪一格。"""
     raw = (options or {}).get(PROFILE_OPTION)
     if raw is None:
         return None
     if not isinstance(raw, dict):
-        return "数据剖析设置的格式不正确，请在数据源设置中重新填写"
+        return "数据剖析设置的格式不正确，请在数据源设置中重新填写", None
     if unknown := sorted(set(raw) - _KNOWN_KEYS):
-        return f"数据剖析设置中有无法识别的项「{'、'.join(map(str, unknown))}」，请删除后重试"
+        return f"数据剖析设置中有无法识别的项「{'、'.join(map(str, unknown))}」，请删除后重试", None
     if "enabled" in raw and not isinstance(raw["enabled"], bool):
-        return f"数据剖析的「{_ENABLED_LABEL}」只能是开启或关闭"
+        return f"数据剖析的「{_ENABLED_LABEL}」只能是开启或关闭", "enabled"
     for key, (label, low, high, integer) in _NUMBER_FIELDS.items():
         if key in raw and _number(raw[key], low, high, integer) is None:
             kind = "整数" if integer else "数"
-            return f"数据剖析的「{label}」需要填写 {_fmt(low)} 到 {_fmt(high)} 之间的{kind}；当前为「{raw[key]}」"
+            return f"数据剖析的「{label}」需要填写 {_fmt(low)} 到 {_fmt(high)} 之间的{kind}；当前为「{raw[key]}」", key
     return None
 
 
@@ -458,7 +465,12 @@ _STOP_DETAIL = {
 
 
 class ProfileDisabled(Exception):
-    """这个数据源没有开启数据剖析。message 给人看。"""
+    """这个数据源没有开启数据剖析，或者数据源停用了。message 给人看；code 是接口回 409 时带的机读码
+    （api/coded.py：profile_disabled / datasource_inactive）。"""
+
+    def __init__(self, message: str, code: str = "profile_disabled") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.code = code
 
 
 class ProfileBusy(Exception):
@@ -1228,7 +1240,7 @@ def ensure_enabled(row: Any, settings: ProfileSettings | None = None) -> Profile
     settings = settings or profile_settings(getattr(row, "options", None))
     name = getattr(row, "name", "") or ""
     if getattr(row, "enabled", True) is False:
-        raise ProfileDisabled(f"数据源「{name}」已停用，无法进行数据剖析。请先在数据源设置中启用")
+        raise ProfileDisabled(f"数据源「{name}」已停用，无法进行数据剖析。请先在数据源设置中启用", code="datasource_inactive")
     if not settings.enabled:
         raise ProfileDisabled(f"数据源「{name}」未开启数据剖析。剖析会对业务库发查询，请先在数据源设置中开启数据剖析")
     return settings
@@ -1269,4 +1281,5 @@ async def _profile(session: AsyncSession, row: Any, source: Any, tables: list[st
 __all__ = ["CODES_MAX", "IN_CHUNK", "MAX_CODE_LEN", "MAX_LITERAL_LEN", "NOTE_PREFIX", "PROFILE_DEFAULT_TABLES",
            "PROFILE_OPTION", "PROFILE_PROBE_TABLES", "ProfileBusy", "ProfileDisabled", "ProfileReport",
            "ProfileSettings", "ProfileSkip", "SqlDialect", "TableProfile", "TableSize", "ensure_enabled",
-           "estimate_size", "profile_catalog", "profile_settings", "profile_settings_problem", "sql_literal"]
+           "estimate_size", "profile_catalog", "profile_settings", "profile_settings_problem", "profile_settings_rejection",
+           "sql_literal"]

backend/tests/test_catalog_profile.py

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ async def test_profile_is_off_by_default_and_says_where_to_turn_it_on(client, ma
     assert r.status_code == 409
     detail = r.json()["detail"]
     assert "数据源设置" in detail and "开启数据剖析" in detail
+    assert r.json()["code"] == "profile_disabled"      # 界面按机读码认是哪一种，不从原话里认
     assert watch.executed == []          # 一条查询都没发
 
 
@@ -158,6 +159,12 @@ async def test_settings_are_saved_and_validated_through_datasource_update(client
     sid = await make_source(scenic_db)
     r = await client.patch(f"/api/datasources/{sid}", json={"options": _on(max_queries=0)})
     assert r.status_code == 422 and "查询次数上限" in r.json()["detail"]
+    # 机读码和出错的那一项：表单按 field 把报错落到那一格
+    assert (r.json()["code"], r.json()["field"]) == ("profile_settings_invalid", "max_queries")
+    r = await client.patch(f"/api/datasources/{sid}", json={"options": {PROFILE_OPTION: {"enabled": "是"}}})
+    assert r.status_code == 422 and (r.json()["code"], r.json()["field"]) == ("profile_settings_invalid", "enabled")
+    r = await client.patch(f"/api/datasources/{sid}", json={"options": _on(rows=5)})
+    assert r.status_code == 422 and r.json()["code"] == "profile_settings_invalid" and "field" not in r.json()
     r = await client.patch(f"/api/datasources/{sid}", json={"options": _on(max_queries=40, sample_size=500)})
     assert r.status_code == 200, r.text
     assert r.json()["options"][PROFILE_OPTION] == {"enabled": True, "max_queries": 40, "sample_size": 500}
@@ -414,6 +421,7 @@ async def test_concurrent_profile_on_same_source_returns_409(client, make_source
     await asyncio.wait_for(started.wait(), 10)
     second = await client.post(_url(sid), json={"tables": ["visits"]}, headers=ACTOR)
     assert second.status_code == 409 and "正在进行数据剖析" in second.json()["detail"]
+    assert second.json()["code"] == "profile_busy"
     release.set()
     done = await asyncio.wait_for(first, 30)
     assert done.status_code == 200, done.text
@@ -422,6 +430,37 @@ async def test_concurrent_profile_on_same_source_returns_409(client, make_source
     assert again.status_code == 200, again.text
 
 
+async def test_blocked_profile_says_which_case_by_code(client, make_source, scenic_db, monkeypatch):
+    """剖析开始不了的 409 都带机读码：数据源停用、没有表结构、快照被改动（未开启、正在剖析见上面两条）。"""
+    from app.data.engine import SnapshotTampered
+
+    sid = await make_source(scenic_db, options=_on(), draft=["visits"])
+    async with SessionLocal() as session:
+        row = await session.get(DataSource, sid)
+        row.enabled = False
+        await session.commit()
+    r = await client.post(_url(sid), json={"tables": ["visits"]}, headers=ACTOR)
+    assert r.status_code == 409 and r.json()["code"] == "datasource_inactive" and "已停用" in r.json()["detail"]
+
+    async with SessionLocal() as session:
+        row = await session.get(DataSource, sid)
+        row.enabled = True
+        row.schema_cache = {}
+        await session.commit()
+    r = await client.post(_url(sid), json={"tables": ["visits"]}, headers=ACTOR)
+    assert r.status_code == 409 and r.json()["code"] == "schema_missing" and "探查结构" in r.json()["detail"]
+
+    r = await client.post(f"/api/datasources/{sid}/introspect")
+    assert r.status_code == 200, r.text
+
+    async def tampered(*_args, **_kwargs):
+        raise SnapshotTampered("数据文件与登记的版本不一致，可能被修改过，已拒绝查询")
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(catalog_profile, "profile_catalog", tampered)
+    r = await client.post(_url(sid), json={"tables": ["visits"]}, headers=ACTOR)
+    assert r.status_code == 409 and r.json()["code"] == "snapshot_tampered"
+
+
 async def test_default_tables_are_used_tables_with_relation_candidates(client, make_source, scenic_db):
     sid = await make_source(scenic_db, options=_on(), draft=[])
     r = await client.post(_url(sid), json={}, headers=ACTOR)

frontend/src/api/client.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ export class ApiError extends Error {
    * detail 是给人看的话，随时可能改写；要按错误种类分支的认这个
    */
   code?: string
+  /** 带机读码的错误里出错的是哪一项（app/api/coded.py 的 field，比如剖析设置的 max_queries）；没有就是 undefined */
+  field?: string
   /**
    * 后端要用户先拍板时随错误一起给的 {kind, details}（比如上传表格的 422：数字列混入非数字、
    * 交叉表）。原样保留，按接口各自校验后再用（上传表格见 uploadDecision）
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ export class ApiError extends Error {
   constructor(
     public status: number,
     message: string,
-    opts?: { kind?: ApiErrorKind; detail?: unknown; raw?: string; timeoutMs?: number; code?: string; decision?: unknown },
+    opts?: { kind?: ApiErrorKind; detail?: unknown; raw?: string; timeoutMs?: number; code?: string; field?: string; decision?: unknown },
   ) {
     super(message)
     this.name = 'ApiError'
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ export class ApiError extends Error {
     this.raw = opts?.raw
     this.timeoutMs = opts?.timeoutMs
     this.code = opts?.code
+    this.field = opts?.field
     this.decision = opts?.decision
   }
 }
@@ -180,6 +183,12 @@ const codeOf = (body: unknown): string | undefined => {
   return typeof code === 'string' && code ? code : undefined
 }
 
+/** 后端 {detail, code, field} 里出错的那一项；没有就是 undefined */
+const fieldOf = (body: unknown): string | undefined => {
+  const field = body && typeof body === 'object' ? (body as { field?: unknown }).field : undefined
+  return typeof field === 'string' && field ? field : undefined
+}
+
 /** 后端 {detail, decision} 里要用户拍板的内容：是个对象就原样带上，没有就是 undefined */
 const decisionOf = (body: unknown): unknown => {
   const decision = body && typeof body === 'object' ? (body as { decision?: unknown }).decision : undefined
@@ -239,7 +248,7 @@ function failure(status: number, statusText: string, text: string, path?: string
     const detail = body?.detail ?? body
     return new ApiError(status, describeDetail(detail, path), {
       detail, raw: typeof body?.raw === 'string' ? body.raw : `${status} ${text.slice(0, 2000)}`,
-      code: codeOf(body), decision: decisionOf(body),
+      code: codeOf(body), field: fieldOf(body), decision: decisionOf(body),
     })
   }
   const message = status >= 500

frontend/src/pages/DataSourcesTab.tsx

@@ -1039,13 +1039,13 @@ function toBody(form: SourceForm, isNew: boolean, wasOracle = true): any {
 }
 
 /**
- * 422 的中文 detail 说的是哪一项：查询时限（后端 query_timeout_problem）；数据剖析的某一项（profile_settings_problem，
- * 记为 profile.<键>，它的「单条查询时限」也带「查询时限」四个字，要先认）。认不出的交回 toast
+ * 422 说的是哪一项：数据剖析的某一项按机读码和 field 认（profile_settings_rejection，记为 profile.<键>）；
+ * 查询时限（后端 query_timeout_problem）还没有机读码，按 detail 认。认不出的交回 toast
  */
-function fieldOfRejection(message: string): string | null {
-  const profile = profileFieldOfRejection(message)
+function fieldOfRejection(e: ApiError): string | null {
+  const profile = profileFieldOfRejection(e)
   if (profile) return `profile.${profile}`
-  if (/查询时限/.test(message)) return 'query_timeout_s'
+  if (/查询时限/.test(e.message)) return 'query_timeout_s'
   return null
 }
 
@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ function SourceEditor({ source, kinds, onClose, onSaved }: {
       onSaved(row, testFresh ? test.result : undefined, connectionOf(body) !== before)
     } catch (e) {
       const rejected = e instanceof ApiError && e.status === 422 ? e.message : ''
-      const key = rejected ? fieldOfRejection(rejected) : null
+      const key = e instanceof ApiError && rejected ? fieldOfRejection(e) : null
       if (key?.startsWith('profile.')) {
         setFieldError({ key, message: rejected })
         focusProfileField('ds-profile', key.slice('profile.'.length) as ProfileErrorKey)

frontend/src/pages/catalog/CatalogPage.tsx

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ export function CatalogPage() {
       next = { phase: 'done', report, ms: Date.now() - startedAt }
     } catch (e) {
       next = e instanceof ApiError && e.status === 409
-        ? { phase: 'blocked', kind: profileBlockOf(e.message), message: e.message, tables }
+        ? { phase: 'blocked', kind: profileBlockOf(e), message: e.message, tables }
         : { phase: 'failed', error: e, tables }
     }
     const here = alive.current && sourceRef.current === src

frontend/src/pages/catalog/ProfileSettings.tsx

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ export function ProfileSettingsDialog({ row, onClose, onSaved }: {
       onSaved(next)
       toast.ok(form.enabled === initial.enabled ? PT.saved(row.name) : form.enabled ? PT.savedOn(row.name) : PT.savedOff(row.name))
     } catch (e) {
-      const key = e instanceof ApiError && e.status === 422 ? profileFieldOfRejection(e.message) : null
+      const key = e instanceof ApiError && e.status === 422 ? profileFieldOfRejection(e) : null
       if (key) {
         setServerError({ key, message: e instanceof ApiError ? e.message : '' })
         focusProfileField(idPrefix, key)

frontend/src/pages/catalog/profile.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { CatalogProfileNumberKey, CatalogProfileSettings } from '../../types'
-import { PROFILE_FIELD_LABEL, PROFILE_TEXT } from '../../lib/terms'
+import { PROFILE_TEXT } from '../../lib/terms'
 
 // ===========================================================================
 // 数据剖析的设置：数据源 options.catalog_profile 和表单之间的来回转换、校验、保存被拒时认出是哪一项。
@@ -120,18 +120,20 @@ export function profileSettingsOfForm(form: ProfileForm): CatalogProfileSettings
 export const sameProfileForm = (a: ProfileForm, b: ProfileForm): boolean =>
   a.enabled === b.enabled && PROFILE_NUMBER_KEYS.every((k) => a.values[k] === b.values[k])
 
+/** 剖析设置不合规的 422 带的机读码（服务端 api/coded.PROFILE_SETTINGS_INVALID） */
+export const PROFILE_SETTINGS_INVALID = 'profile_settings_invalid'
+
 /**
- * 服务端保存时拒收的 422（一句中文）说的是剖析设置的哪一项：
- * 「数据剖析的「查询次数上限」需要填写 1 到 500 之间的整数；当前为「0」」→ max_queries。
- * 说的是剖析设置、但认不出哪一项（格式不对、有认不出的项）返回 'section'；说的不是剖析设置返回 null
+ * 服务端保存时拒收的 422 说的是剖析设置的哪一项：按机读码和 field 认（服务端 profile_settings_rejection），不从原话里认——
+ * 文案一改，按原话认的就悄悄失效。说的是剖析设置、但没有 field（格式不对、有认不出的项）返回 'section'；
+ * 不是剖析设置的、没带机读码的（老服务端）返回 null，交给通用的报错提示
  */
-export function profileFieldOfRejection(message: string): 'enabled' | CatalogProfileNumberKey | 'section' | null {
-  if (!message.includes('数据剖析')) return null
-  const named = message.match(/「([^」]+)」/)?.[1] ?? ''
-  for (const k of ['enabled', ...PROFILE_NUMBER_KEYS] as const) {
-    if (named && named.startsWith(PROFILE_FIELD_LABEL[k])) return k
-  }
-  return 'section'
+export function profileFieldOfRejection(e: { code?: string; field?: string }): 'enabled' | CatalogProfileNumberKey | 'section' | null {
+  if (e.code !== PROFILE_SETTINGS_INVALID) return null
+  const field = e.field ?? ''
+  return field === 'enabled' || (PROFILE_NUMBER_KEYS as readonly string[]).includes(field)
+    ? field as 'enabled' | CatalogProfileNumberKey
+    : 'section'
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -156,16 +158,20 @@ export function secondsText(ms: number): string {
   return s < 60 ? `${s} 秒` : `${Math.floor(s / 60)} 分 ${String(s % 60).padStart(2, '0')} 秒`
 }
 
-/** 剖析接口回 409 的几种情况（按服务端的原话认：catalog_profile.ensure_enabled、api/catalog.py、engine.SnapshotTampered） */
+/** 剖析接口回 409 的几种情况：按机读码认（服务端 api/coded.py，api/catalog.profile_catalog_tables 带上） */
 export type ProfileBlock = 'disabled' | 'inactive' | 'noSchema' | 'busy' | 'tampered' | 'other'
 
-export function profileBlockOf(message: string): ProfileBlock {
-  if (message.includes('未开启数据剖析')) return 'disabled'
-  if (message.includes('已停用')) return 'inactive'
-  if (message.includes('正在进行数据剖析')) return 'busy'
-  if (message.includes('探查结构')) return 'noSchema'
-  if (/已拒绝(?:这次)?查询/.test(message)) return 'tampered'
-  return 'other'
+const PROFILE_BLOCK_CODES: Record<string, ProfileBlock> = {
+  profile_disabled: 'disabled',
+  datasource_inactive: 'inactive',
+  schema_missing: 'noSchema',
+  profile_busy: 'busy',
+  snapshot_tampered: 'tampered',
+}
+
+/** 没带机读码（老服务端）或认不出的按「无法开始剖析」说，给重试；不从原话里猜 */
+export function profileBlockOf(e: { code?: string }): ProfileBlock {
+  return (e.code && PROFILE_BLOCK_CODES[e.code]) || 'other'
 }
 
 /** 设置里有没有剖析设置这一项（options 的其余键原样带上） */

scripts/check-catalog.mjs

@@ -1465,7 +1465,8 @@ await section('数据目录 · 数据剖析设置', async () => {
   await page.locator('#ds-profile-query_timeout_s').fill('20')
   // 服务端按字段拒收（422）：报错落在那一项下面，光标放进去，不只弹提示
   const REJECT = '数据剖析的「单条查询时限（秒）」需要填写 1 到 60 之间的数；当前为「20」'
-  replies.patch.push(json({ detail: REJECT }, 422))
+  // 服务端带机读码和出错的那一项（api/coded.py：code + field），界面按它落到那一格，不从原话里认
+  replies.patch.push(json({ detail: REJECT, code: 'profile_settings_invalid', field: 'query_timeout_s' }, 422))
   await page.locator('[data-source-save]').click()
   check('保存被拒（422）：服务端原话写在「单条查询时限」下面', await until(async () =>
     (await page.locator('#ds-profile-query_timeout_s-error').innerText().catch(() => '')) === REJECT),
@@ -1735,6 +1736,22 @@ await section('数据目录 · 数据剖析开始不了（409）', async () => {
   await settings.waitFor()
   await settings.locator('[data-profile-enabled]').check()
   await page.locator(`#profile-${S1}-max_queries`).fill('40')
+  // 保存被拒：只认机读码和 field。没带机读码的（老服务端）不从原话里猜是哪一项，只弹通用提示，弹窗留着
+  const QUERIES_REJECT = '数据剖析的「查询次数上限」需要填写 1 到 500 之间的整数；当前为「40」'
+  replies.patch.push(json({ detail: QUERIES_REJECT }, 422))
+  await page.locator('[data-profile-save]').click()
+  check('422 没带机读码：不从原话里猜是哪一项，只弹通用提示，弹窗留着',
+    await until(async () => (await page.locator('[data-toast]').filter({ hasText: '查询次数上限' }).count()) > 0)
+    && await settings.locator('[aria-invalid="true"]').count() === 0 && await settings.count() === 1)
+  replies.patch.push(json({ detail: QUERIES_REJECT, code: 'profile_settings_invalid', field: 'max_queries' }, 422))
+  await page.locator('[data-profile-save]').click()
+  check('422 带机读码和 field：报错落在「查询次数上限」那一格，光标放进去',
+    await until(async () => (await page.locator(`#profile-${S1}-max_queries`).getAttribute('aria-invalid')) === 'true')
+    && await until(async () => page.evaluate((id) => document.activeElement?.id === id, `profile-${S1}-max_queries`)))
+  replies.patch.push(json({ detail: '数据剖析设置中有无法识别的项「rows」，请删除后重试', code: 'profile_settings_invalid' }, 422))
+  await page.locator('[data-profile-save]').click()
+  check('422 带机读码、没有 field：报错写在剖析设置这一节上', await until(async () =>
+    (await settings.locator('[data-profile-error="section"]').innerText().catch(() => '')).includes('无法识别的项')))
   await page.locator('[data-profile-save]').click()
   check('就地开启：保存后回到剖析，预算按刚存的设置', await until(async () => (await settings.count()) === 0)
         && await until(async () => (await profileBox(page).locator('[data-profile-budget]').innerText().catch(() => '')).includes('最多 40 条只读查询'))
@@ -1742,15 +1759,24 @@ await section('数据目录 · 数据剖析开始不了（409）', async () => {
   check('……保存的是这个源的剖析设置', JSON.stringify(writes(sent, /^PATCH /).at(-1)?.body) === JSON.stringify({ options: { catalog_profile: { enabled: true, max_queries: 40 } } }),
         JSON.stringify(writes(sent, /^PATCH /).at(-1)?.body))
 
+  // 服务端的 409 都带机读码（api/coded.py），界面按它分五种情况，不从原话里认
   const cases = [
-    ['disabled', '数据源「zzcatscenic」未开启数据剖析。剖析会对业务库发查询，请先在数据源设置中开启数据剖析', '未开启数据剖析', 'data-profile-enable'],
-    ['inactive', '数据源「zzcatscenic」已停用，无法进行数据剖析。请先在数据源设置中启用', '数据源已停用', 'data-profile-go-source'],
-    ['noSchema', '尚未探查结构，无法进行数据剖析。请先在数据源卡片上点「探查结构」', '还没有表结构', 'data-profile-go-source'],
-    ['busy', '数据源「zzcatscenic」正在进行数据剖析，请等待完成后再试', '这个数据源正在剖析', 'data-profile-retry'],
-    ['tampered', '数据文件与登记的版本不一致，可能被修改过，已拒绝查询', '数据文件核对未通过', 'data-profile-go-source'],
+    ['disabled', '数据源「zzcatscenic」未开启数据剖析。剖析会对业务库发查询，请先在数据源设置中开启数据剖析', '未开启数据剖析', 'data-profile-enable', 'profile_disabled'],
+    ['inactive', '数据源「zzcatscenic」已停用，无法进行数据剖析。请先在数据源设置中启用', '数据源已停用', 'data-profile-go-source', 'datasource_inactive'],
+    ['noSchema', '尚未探查结构，无法进行数据剖析。请先在数据源卡片上点「探查结构」', '还没有表结构', 'data-profile-go-source', 'schema_missing'],
+    ['busy', '数据源「zzcatscenic」正在进行数据剖析，请等待完成后再试', '这个数据源正在剖析', 'data-profile-retry', 'profile_busy'],
+    ['tampered', '数据文件与登记的版本不一致，可能被修改过，已拒绝查询', '数据文件核对未通过', 'data-profile-go-source', 'snapshot_tampered'],
   ]
-  for (const [kind, detail, title, action] of cases) {
-    replies.profile.push(json({ detail }, 409))
+  // 没带机读码的 409（老服务端）：原话里明明写着「正在进行数据剖析」，也不去猜，按「无法开始剖析」给重试
+  replies.profile.push(json({ detail: cases[3][1] }, 409))
+  await page.locator('[data-profile-start]').click()
+  check('409 没带机读码：不从原话里猜，按「无法开始剖析」说，给重试', await until(async () =>
+    (await profileBox(page).locator('[data-profile-blocked="other"]').count()) === 1)
+    && await profileBox(page).locator('[data-profile-blocked="other"] [data-profile-retry]').count() === 1)
+  await page.locator('[data-profile-back]').click()
+  await until(async () => (await profilePhase(page)) === 'setup')
+  for (const [kind, detail, title, action, code] of cases) {
+    replies.profile.push(json({ detail, code }, 409))
     await page.locator('[data-profile-start]').click()
     const blocked = profileBox(page).locator(`[data-profile-blocked="${kind}"]`)
     const ok = await until(async () => (await blocked.count()) === 1)
@@ -1784,7 +1810,7 @@ await section('数据目录 · 数据剖析开始不了（409）', async () => {
   check('其余失败：写「剖析未能完成」和原因，能重试', await until(async () => (await profileBox(page).locator('[data-profile-failed]').count()) === 1)
         && (await profileBox(page).locator('[data-profile-failed]').innerText()).includes('剖析未能完成'))
   // 去数据源：停用、没有表结构、快照被改动时
-  replies.profile.push(json({ detail: cases[1][1] }, 409))
+  replies.profile.push(json({ detail: cases[1][1], code: cases[1][4] }, 409))
   await profileBox(page).locator('[data-profile-failed]').getByRole('button', { name: /重试/ }).click()
   await profileBox(page).locator('[data-profile-go-source]').click()
   await page.waitForURL('**/data/databases', { timeout: 5000 }).catch(() => {})