维度列、期次列和结果表的固定列重名时报调用错误（复核 R17）：结果表的列 id 是输入的维度列（期次列）加上固定的几列，维度列叫 flag、base、target、delta、share（可加）或 mix、rate、total、w_base……（比率），期次列叫 value、change、role（波动基线、趋势）时列 id 重复，引用结果表的格会认错，下钻还会报「A1 按 0 列拆」。common.reserved_check 不分大小写挡住这些名字，告诉 agent 在 SQL 里换个别名（比如 AS flag_name）；这是结构性的调用错误，分析卡里照旧让卡失败

backend/app/analysis/common.py

@@ -106,6 +106,14 @@ def need(raw: Mapping[str, Any], key: str, what: str) -> Any:
     return value
 
 
+def reserved_check(column: str, reserved: Sequence[str], what: str) -> None:
+    """结果表的列 id 是输入的维度列（期次列）加上固定的几列：重名了列 id 就重复，引用结果表的格、下钻按的维度数都会认错。
+    遇到这些名字（不分大小写）是调用错误，让 agent 在 SQL 里换个别名。"""
+    if column.lower() in {r.lower() for r in reserved}:
+        raise CallError("reserved_column", f"{what}「{column}」和结果表的列重名（结果表要用 {'、'.join(reserved)} 这几个名字）："
+                                           f"在 SQL 里给它换个别名再分析，比如 AS {column}_name")
+
+
 def written_places(raw: Any) -> int:
     """快照里一格写到第几位小数（headline 是取整过的，按它的书写精度容差）：数字文本按字面，浮点按最短写法，整数为 0。是整数
     的浮点（SQLite 的 ROUND() 交回 2120.0）是取到个位的，也为 0——最短写法里的「.0」不是书写精度。"""
@@ -152,4 +160,4 @@ def sign_word(value: Fraction | float | int) -> str | None:
 
 
 __all__ = ["DERIVED_PARAMS", "Env", "build", "closes", "column_label", "column_types", "label_for", "need", "refuse",
-           "sign_word", "today_param", "written_places"]
+           "reserved_check", "sign_word", "today_param", "written_places"]

backend/app/analysis/decompose.py

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from app.analysis import comparable as cmp
 from app.analysis import phrases as ph
-from app.analysis.common import (Env, build, closes, column_label, column_types, label_for, need, refuse, sign_word,
-                                 today_param)
+from app.analysis.common import (Env, build, closes, column_label, column_types, label_for, need, refuse,
+                                 reserved_check, sign_word, today_param)
 from app.analysis.contract import CallError
 from app.analysis.inputs import Snap, as_list, hashable, same_value
 from app.analysis.numbers import canon, to_fraction
@@ -81,9 +81,10 @@ def _key_strings(key: Sequence[Any]) -> list[str]:
     return [ph.key_text([k]) for k in key]
 
 
-def _sides(raw: Mapping[str, Any], env: Env, roles: Sequence[tuple[str, str]], *, by_needed: bool = True
-           ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], Snap, Snap, dict[str, str], list[str]]:
-    """一份或两份快照：(规范化的参数, 基期快照, 本期快照, {角色: 列名}, 维度列)。roles 是 [(参数名, 角色的叫法)]。"""
+def _sides(raw: Mapping[str, Any], env: Env, roles: Sequence[tuple[str, str]], *, by_needed: bool = True,
+           reserved: Sequence[str] = ()) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], Snap, Snap, dict[str, str], list[str]]:
+    """一份或两份快照：(规范化的参数, 基期快照, 本期快照, {角色: 列名}, 维度列)。roles 是 [(参数名, 角色的叫法)]；reserved 是
+    结果表固定的列名，维度列不能叫这些。"""
     params: dict[str, Any] = {}
     two = raw.get("base_query") is not None or raw.get("target_query") is not None
     if two:
@@ -105,6 +106,8 @@ def _sides(raw: Mapping[str, Any], env: Env, roles: Sequence[tuple[str, str]], *
         if two:
             for c in by:
                 base.column(c, "维度列")
+        for c in by:
+            reserved_check(c, reserved, "维度列")
         params["by"] = by
     cols: dict[str, str] = {}
     for key, what in roles:
@@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ def _share_rank(segments: Sequence[Any], share: Any) -> list[Any]:
 
 def additive(raw: Mapping[str, Any], env: Env) -> Any:
     used = list(USED["additive"])
-    params, bs, ts, cols, by = _sides(raw, env, [("measure", "度量列")])
+    params, bs, ts, cols, by = _sides(raw, env, [("measure", "度量列")], reserved=_FIXED_ADDITIVE)
     measure = cols["measure"]
     label = label_for(env, raw.get("label"), ts, measure)
     if raw.get("label") is not None:
@@ -444,7 +447,8 @@ def _additive_result(env: Env, params: dict[str, Any], used: list[str], segs: li
 
 def ratio(raw: Mapping[str, Any], env: Env) -> Any:
     used = list(USED["ratio"])
-    params, bs, ts, cols, by = _sides(raw, env, [("numerator", "分子列"), ("denominator", "分母列")])
+    params, bs, ts, cols, by = _sides(raw, env, [("numerator", "分子列"), ("denominator", "分母列")],
+                                      reserved=_FIXED_RATIO)
     num, den = cols["numerator"], cols["denominator"]
     num_label, den_label = column_label(env, ts, num), column_label(env, ts, den)
     label = ph.pick_label(raw.get("label"), ph.say(num_label, "与", den_label, "之比"))

backend/app/analysis/series.py

@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ from app.analysis import comparable as cmp
 from app.analysis import periods as pd
 from app.analysis import phrases as ph
 from app.analysis import stats
-from app.analysis.common import Env, build, column_label, column_types, label_for, need, refuse, sign_word, today_param
+from app.analysis.common import (Env, build, column_label, column_types, label_for, need, refuse, reserved_check,
+                                 sign_word, today_param)
 from app.analysis.contract import CallError
 from app.analysis.inputs import Snap, same_value
 from app.analysis.numbers import canon, to_fraction
@@ -45,6 +46,8 @@ USED: dict[str, tuple[str, ...]] = {
     "baseline": ("k_warn", "k_alert", "min_history", "max_history"),
     "trend": ("trend_min_points", "trend_alpha", "max_history"),
 }
+#: 结果表在期次列之外固定的几列（期次列不能叫这些）
+FIXED: dict[str, tuple[str, ...]] = {"baseline": ("value", "change", "role"), "trend": ("value", "change")}
 
 
 def refusal_basis(op: str, settings: Mapping[str, Any]) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@ def _load(raw: Mapping[str, Any], env: Env, used: list[str]) -> Series | Any:
     """读出一条序列；算不了时直接交回 refused 的结论。"""
     snap = env.inputs.snap(need(raw, "query", "查询编号"), "查询编号")
     period = snap.column(need(raw, "period", "期次列"), "期次列")
+    reserved_check(period, FIXED[env.op], "期次列")
     measure = snap.column(need(raw, "measure", "度量列"), "度量列")
     grain = raw.get("grain")
     if grain is not None and grain not in (*pd.GRAINS, "seq"):
@@ -369,4 +373,4 @@ def _tail_gap(series: Series, ordinal: int) -> str:
     return "再往前缺期"
 
 
-__all__ = ["MAD_SCALE", "USED", "baseline", "refusal_basis", "run_length", "trend", "unreadable_text"]
+__all__ = ["FIXED", "MAD_SCALE", "USED", "baseline", "refusal_basis", "run_length", "trend", "unreadable_text"]

backend/tests/test_analysis_decompose.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from fractions import Fraction
 
 import pytest
 
+from app.analysis import DATA_ERRORS
 from app.analysis.decompose import lmdi, ratio_effects
 from tests.analysis_samples import analyze, call_error, fixed_prober, notes, snap
 
@@ -487,3 +488,19 @@ async def test_a_label_cannot_carry_a_judgment_into_the_phrase():
     # 消过一遍会变的叫法：复算拿记下的叫法再消，判定语逐字相同（analyze 核对复算逐字段相同）
     marked = await additive(label="销售额[ [v:Q1.r0.gmv] ]")
     assert marked["params"]["label"] == "销售额" and marked["phrase"].startswith("销售额下降 194")
+
+
+async def test_a_dimension_named_like_a_result_column_is_a_call_error():
+    rows = [["线上", "2026-W41", 820], ["线上", "2026-W42", 700], ["线下", "2026-W41", 600], ["线下", "2026-W42", 560]]
+    flagged = snap("Q2", "SELECT channel AS flag, week, SUM(amount) AS gmv FROM orders GROUP BY 1, 2",
+                   ["flag", "week", "gmv"], rows)
+    error = await call_error("decompose", "additive", snaps=[flagged], query="Q2", by=["flag"], period="week",
+                             base="2026-W41", target="2026-W42", measure="gmv")
+    assert error.code == "reserved_column" and "在 SQL 里给它换个别名" in error.message and "AS flag_name" in error.message
+    assert error.code not in DATA_ERRORS                               # 结构性的：分析卡里照旧让卡失败
+    ratio_rows = [["线上", "W41", 50, 1000], ["线上", "W42", 80, 1000], ["线下", "W41", 20, 1000], ["线下", "W42", 26, 1000]]
+    mixed = snap("Q1", "SELECT channel AS Mix, week, SUM(refund_flag) AS refunds, COUNT(*) AS orders FROM orders "
+                       "GROUP BY 1, 2", ["Mix", "week", "refunds", "orders"], ratio_rows)
+    error = await call_error("decompose", "ratio", snaps=[mixed], query="Q1", by="Mix", period="week", base="W41",
+                             target="W42", numerator="refunds", denominator="orders")
+    assert error.code == "reserved_column" and "「Mix」" in error.message

backend/tests/test_analysis_series.py

@@ -319,3 +319,11 @@ async def test_a_falling_trend_whose_last_weeks_rise_says_but():
     falling = await trend(weeks([200, 196, 190, 188, 181, 176, 170, 165, 160, 162, 165, 168]))
     assert falling["verdict"]["code"] == "falling" and falling["values"]["run_direction"] == "up"
     assert falling["phrase"].endswith("，但最近已连续 3 周上升")
+
+
+async def test_a_period_column_named_like_a_result_column_is_a_call_error():
+    rows = [[r[0], r[1]] for r in weeks(NOISE + [101])]
+    named = snap("Q1", "SELECT DATE(order_date, 'weekday 0', '-6 days') AS value, COUNT(*) AS orders FROM orders "
+                       "GROUP BY 1", ["value", "orders"], rows)
+    error = await call_error("baseline", snaps=[named], query="Q1", period="value", measure="orders")
+    assert error.code == "reserved_column" and "期次列「value」和结果表的列重名" in error.message